Case Study of Australia Post-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study of Australia Post. Answer: Introduction: Australian Post Corporation now trades as the Australian Post. Established in 25th April 1809 it is a government owned enterprise which provides postal service in both local and international markets. In 2008 the country was serving one million service users. As it run by the government the company has an obligation to the public. The government business enterprise is self funding. It is the reason why the company finds letter delivering very exhausting.( Rakodi, 2014). However, the company delivers around sixty million items weekly mostly on time. In the company the year 2010, Ahmed Fahour, the MD and CEO of the organization announced the launch of the Future Ready Strategy for the Australia Post.( Budzianowski et ali, 2017) The strategy is aimed to bring a new structure and entry in the electronic market through the launch of e-Services. Though the company had incurred a loss of A$222 million in 2016, it got back in the game in the year 2017 due to a strong performance in parcel an d courier performance. The company holds a strong position as compared to its competitors due to its core competencies. The company owns 4417 post offices, 15805 street post boxes and 12,400 vehicles; it makes the company hold a store share in the distributed logistics market.( Salem, 2014) In addition to that the company has over forty eight retail superstores thus making it a huge retail and service network. Industry Analysis: Five-force Model The 5 force model comprises of the bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of buyers, rivalry among competitors, threat of new entrants and threat of substitutes. The five force analysis of Australia post can be understood by the following: Bargaining power of suppliers: The bargaining power of the Australian post is dominated by the hike or decrease in the rate of fuel. However the company in recent years has introduced bikers, vans and sedans which have high fuel efficiency. Owing to this, the company has been able to counter such risks. It is also influenced by the taxes the company has to pay.( Anvari et al,2017) It company does not get any funding from taxpayers and has paid more than 1.7 billion dividend to the government in the past decade. The bargaining power is also influenced by the government policies. Since the company is a government business enterprise, the Australian government is the only share holder through the Ministry of Finance. Thus the company is obligated to perform its business operations with sound commercial practice, has a community service obligation. In addition to that the company must operate within the set framework of the government, international conventions and other governmental obl igation.( Zeng et al2017) The cost of land increase along with the increase in rent also affects the company. The company seems to spend a lumpsump on these two criteria since it owns forty eight super retail outlets. Bargaining Power of buyers: This describes the effect that the customers of the company have on its profitability. The company seems to run an oligopoly in this segment. Rivalry among Competitors: This is perhaps the most important segment of the five force model. In recent times, the position of Australia post has come under serious threat due to the upcoming business. In the area of parcel delivery international players such as Japan Post, and FedEx have together taken up a lot of business.( Whittaker et al2013), Locally Australian post faces competition from Mailman and Parcel Point. Threat of New Entrants: Though the company still holds a strong position, other companies have seeped onto the market to challenge its position .Like all other logistic business Australian Post faces stiff competition from companies such as FedEx Toll Holding and DHL Threat of Substitutes- This becomes a matter of concern since customers always have the choice to change or alter its service providers. This becomes even more critical when new businesses enter the market.( .( Wan et al,2014) The company landed itself in a bit of a problem when it started charging people who did not pick up their parcel on time. This proved to be a wrong step for the company as many alternative turned up to people who were disappointed by the stand taken up by the company. Companies like WizMe, Sendle Officeworks Mailman came to the rescue. Competitor Analysis- The dissatisfaction with the Australian Post has given opened up many windows of opportunity for other business in the industry to challenge the position of the government business enterprise. Eminent few among them are FedEx, Toll Holding and DHL. FedEx challenge the Australian Post by having a strong global network. The company has been successful in establishing a strong brand value in the market place. Fred Smith, the CEO of the company was a visionary.( Hollensen, 201) Due to his efforts the company changed the way logistics work across the world strong management is thus another attribute of FedEx. The business strategy of Deutsche Post DHL group is build on the three pillars of focus, connect and growth. The company aims to focus on logistics s a part of their core business which will generate 85% of their total revenue by 2020.( Yan et al, 2017) The pillar of connect helps the company to tap the expertise, experience and talent in the organization. Lastly through the pillar of growth the company aims to grow and develop the business. It aims to identify area where the business must establish a close knit collaboration to improve quality of service. Toll Holding is yet another competitor of Australia Post and has a strong network in Australia. It currently dominates the local courier and delivery services and has a market share of 8.8 percent which is higher than that of DHL express which currently holds 6.7 percent of market share.( Nrhi, 2015) In March 2015 Toll was taken over by the Japan Post and has announced a full commercial launch. The company currently owns 24000 offices and 200000 staffs. Macro Environmental Factors of Australia Post: The companys iconic status as the leading Australian organization is marked by its commitment and responsibility to the environment.( Chen et al,2014) To this end the company puts in a lot of effort to reduce environmental impacts, costs and conducts effective risk management and improvement in the customer value. Environmental responsibility is the intrinsic attribute of the company. In order to achieve this end company has launched a companywide Corporate Responsibility Strategy in the year 2016. The company objectifies to create value by reducing environmental footprints and by creating a more circular form of economy. (Barkauskas et al,2015)The prime focus of the company is reduced carbon emission and to take up a responsive stand against climate change issues. Being an active member of the National Packaging Covenant since 2005, the company puts in a lot of research and effort in designing, composition and recycling of its packages. (Hoogendoorn, 2016).Climate change is one of t he major threats the world is facing today, Australia Post has taken positive steps to counter the challenge. To this end the company has launched the first of Australias 100% electric commercial vans. The company has also introduced motorbikes, vans and sedans that have high fuel efficiency.( Cant and Wiid, 2013) Companys Corporate Strategy The business strategy of Australia Post had been changing to suit the need of the modern times since 2015. The Company identified three key areas to work upon. The company focused its efforts to on retaining the current business position by investing in the postal and parcel facilities. The company worked towards turning its offices into ecommerce outlets for the benefit of customers of small business houses irrespective of their location. (Grinblatt and Titman, 2016).Secondly the company aimed to develop innovating means of ecommerce solutions, making it easy for customers to shop online.( Purce, 2014) This also created an opportunity for the business to grow online. In addition to that the company aimed to extend its service portfolio through digitalization which will act to the benefit of the Australian Government and other corporate sectors. Finally the company envisaged development by further investments in the growing domestic and international ecommerce ability by developing a low cost but effective parcel delivery model. In addition to this the company aimed at developing its supply chain solutions. Companys Business Strategy: In order to realize the aims of the corporate strategy the company attempts to bring about contemporary and relevant change in the services to meet the demand of its customers. Since the community is shifting away from the letter services at an increased rate, the company finds itself in a critical position.( Larson et al, 2017) With the introduction of the Future Ready strategy the company has been able to retain the customer focus. The Future Ready strategy has been useful for adapting the products for both he physical and digital world, streamlining the operations better connectivity with customers and community.( Barney and Peteraf, 2014), With the launch of its Future Ready business strategy the company was able to gain almost a seventy seven percent customer satisfaction.( Puranam and Vanneste,2016) The company aimed at providing the customers and consumers a twenty four hours access to the services. This was achieved by offering a twenty four hour zone in the new retail supers tores. Strategic Leadership: Listening to people is the key leadership strategy used by the Australia Post. The strategy has been kept responsive and dynamic. Big or medium sized organizations usually go broadcast in their communication.( Strategy, 2015) It is for this reason a more crowd sourcing approach is required by the company. The new leadership strategy of the company comprises of five top priorities. First the company is trying to develop a new value position, by reconsidering the meaning of recruitment. Secondly the company has diverted its effort towards an increased technological advancement including more automation. In addition to these, the Australian Post is trying to change the brand image of the company from an HR organization to a marketing organization. Fourthly the company aims to focus on its onboarding activities.( Peteraf et al, 2014) Finally the organization is trying to get a integrated view of talent. To that end both the talent team and development team s expected to work together. SWOT Analysis of Australian Post: Strengths: The Company delivers on Saturdays. The company has diverse a portfolio of parcels, mails, money and insurance. It is a self funded government business enterprise. The services provided by the company include postal services, digital services, retails, express posts, logistics and printing services. The company employs more than 30000 odd employees. (Sirn et al,2014) Weakness: The Company has a less international presence compared to its competitors. The company is taking time to switch to new solutions. Opportunities: Since its prime competitor FedEx is currently focusing attention in the international market, the company has the opportunity to make a strong domestic presence. The company must focus on the global market, mergers and acquisitions. Threats: Australian post is threatened by a loss of cash flow. The threat from competitors is increasing since they are acquiring other businesses in this industry.( Effelsberg et al,2014) For example the acquisition of Toll Holding by Japan Post. There is a threat from the stiff competition since competitors are giving services at reduced price rates. Current Position of Company: Recently, the Australian Post has announced the launch of developed Digital Id technology across various companies and government departments. (Bull et al, 2016)Andrew Walduck, Australian Post Executive General Manager said that this facility will help customers to access important services online. The Digital ID will assist customers to open a bank account or to request a service. Many of the traditional post offices of the company have been digitized to enable customers to get access to the services anytime from anywhere.( Niederwieser et al,2016) Irrespective of the devices used by the customer, the companys digital development empowers the customers to manage their delivery and transaction with greater control, ease and security.( Chen et al, 2014) With developed android application the company has made a benefit of a 23% rise in the digital product revenue, 38 percent increase in online mail and 39 percent growth in the online shops. (Rakodi, 2014). Conclusion Future of the Company: Australia Post still has a future even if traditional letter delivery service may end up on beaten tracks. The company still has an edge over the competitors since the service it provides in the rural and communities cannot be taken over by its competitors, Apart from delivering letters, the company has a diverse portfolio which includes items important for trade and communication. It is possibly the only provider of these services in the regional areas. However the company must indulge in more digitization and technological development in order to deal with the threats posed by its competitors References: Anvari, B., Bell, M.G., Sivakumar, A. and Ochieng, W.Y., 2015. Modelling shared space users via rule-based social force model.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,51, pp.83-103. Barkauskas, V., Barkauskien?, K. and Jasinskas, E., 2015. Analysis of macro environmental factors influencing the development of rural tourism: Lithuanian case.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,213, pp.167-172. Barney, J.B. and Peteraf, M.A., 2014. Comment on Hashai and Buckley: Transactions costs, capabilities, and corporate advantage considerations in theories of the multinational enterprise.Global Strategy Journal,4(1), pp.70-73. Budzianowski, W.M., 2017. High-value low-volume bioproducts coupled to bioenergies with potential to enhance business development of sustainable biorefineries.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,70, pp.793-804. Bull, J.W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., Lambini, C.K., Rawlins, M., Baral, H., Zhringer, J. and Carter-Silk, E., 2016. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, pp.99-111. Cant, M.C. and Wiid, J.A., 2013. Establishing the challenges affecting South African SMEs.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),12(6), p.707. Chen, W.M., Kim, H. and Yamaguchi, H., 2014. Renewable energy in eastern Asia: Renewable energy policy review and comparative SWOT analysis for promoting renewable energy in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan.Energy Policy,74, pp.319-329. Chen, Y., Wang, Y., Nevo, S., Jin, J., Wang, L. and Chow, W.S., 2014. IT capability and organizational performance: the roles of business process agility and environmental factors.European Journal of Information Systems,23(3), pp.326-342. Effelsberg, D., Solga, M. and Gurt, J., 2014. Transformational leadership and followers unethical behavior for the benefit of the company: A two-study investigation.Journal of Business Ethics,120(1), pp.81-93. Grinblatt, M. and Titman, S., 2016.Financial markets corporate strategy. Hollensen, S., 2015.Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Hoogendoorn, B., 2016. The prevalence and determinants of social entrepreneurship at the macro level.Journal of Small Business Management,54(S1), pp.278-296. Jin, J., Ji, P. and Gu, R., 2016. Identifying comparative customer requirements from product online reviews for competitor analysis.Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,49, pp.61-73. Larson, A., Larson, A., York, J. and York, J., 2017. Method: Sustainable design for the home as corporate strategy.Darden Business Publishing Cases, pp.1-4. Nrhi, T., 2015. A Competitor Analysis for an Online Student Portal Start-up. Niederwieser, D., Baldomero, H., Szer, J., Gratwohl, M., Aljurf, M., Atsuta, Y., Bouzas, L.F., Confer, D., Greinix, H., Horowitz, M. and Iida, M., 2016. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation activity worldwide in 2012 and a SWOT analysis of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group including the global survey.Bone marrow transplantation,51(6), pp.778-786. Peteraf, M., Gamble, J. and Thompson Jr, A., 2014.Essentials of strategic management: The quest for competitive advantage. McGraw-Hill Education. Puranam, P. and Vanneste, B., 2016.Corporate strategy: Tools for analysis and decision-making. Cambridge University Press. Purce, J., 2014. The impact of corporate strategy on human resource management.New Perspectives on Human Resource Management (Routledge Revivals),67. Rakodi, C., 2014.Urban livelihoods: A people-centred approach to reducing poverty. Routledge. Rakodi, C., 2014.Urban livelihoods: A people-centred approach to reducing poverty. Routledge. Salem, M.I., 2014. The role of business incubators in the economic development of Saudi Arabia.The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),13(4), p.853. Sirn, C., Patel, P.C. and Wincent, J., 2016. How do harmonious passion and obsessive passion moderate the influence of a CEO's change-oriented leadership on company performance?.The Leadership Quarterly,27(4), pp.653-670. Strategy, C.B., 2015. Customer Relationship Management as a Customer-Centric Business Strategy. Wan, M., Pan, W.J., Zhang, W.H., Ma, Y.C. and Yang, Y., 2014. A unified instantaneous cutting force model for flat end mills with variable geometries.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,214(3), pp.641-650. Whittaker, P., Wilson, C., Aberle, J., Rauch, H.P. and Xavier, P., 2013. A drag force model to incorporate the reconfiguration of full-scale riparian trees under hydrodynamic loading.Journal of Hydraulic Research,51(5), pp.569-580. Yan, S., Jin, J., Ji, P. and Geng, Z., 2017. Extracting customer concerns from online reviews of series products for competitor analysis.iConference 2017 Proceedings. Zeng, W., Chen, P., Nakamura, H. and Iryo-Asano, M., 2014. Application of social force model to pedestrian behavior analysis at signalized crosswalk.Transportation research part C:

Contingency Theory of Incentive Alignment †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Contingency Theory of Incentive Alignment. Answer: Introduction Managing business is the most vital job in case of building the business to be the best in the organization. The managerial decision making is associated with that and in case of a commercial organization, the process if expositing the ethics in management as well as in business is the right form of managing the business. Media, technology and innovation are the three aspects of business context and that evolved the standard of the business. The entire situation of this paper is related with Simcoa and along with this company, all the information according to the change management and structural lacking is important for the company (Business of Silicon, 2018). In this paper, Regionalization is the main aspect of the business process. The company has taken this process and makes their market on the regional basis. The aim of this research is to identify the implanted context of regionalization and how the process influences the company for the better development. The objectives of the research will determine the contextual focus in business. External and Internal focus are two kinds of focus and that affect all the speculated strategies, that have taken for the decision-making state of Simcoa business (Business of Silicon, 2018). The organization is a private sector company, so employees have to meet the target and produce the largest amount of silicon from the company. The scope of the research is to connect a link between business context and external and internal environmental forces. In case of basic understanding in a business context and to allow the impact of decision-making in business, the research will help in form of determining the possibilities of business in the context of regionalization. World largest silicon productive organization is Simcoa. In case of export cases in other countries, Australia has to depend on the Simcoa organization. Silicon related products can be acquired from the company and in many cases; this organization has supported Australia in making or building some major innovative things. The organization founded in 1989 and within these 28 years of business progression of the organization is commendable (Business of Silicon, 2018). 50,000 tones in a year produced by the company and the number determine the quality and productivity of the company. Organizational structure The hierarchical structure is followed by the company. The work culture and effective business communication have come in this process and the flow is heading towards high to low. Simcoa has a CEO and employees have to listen and obey what CEO wants from employees (Business of Silicon, 2018). As the company is under the private sector organization, the shareholder of the market is essential and important for the development of the company. In case of marinating financial support to Australia, this company can provide that support to the nation. The government of Australia is very stable and they encourage business opportunities in Australia. In case of help, the business in international level strong politics is needed to form the organization end (Steinbach et al., 2017). If possible opportunities are provided to the organization form the Australian government, and the business support is always there. Good decision and better productivity is the determining concept, from the business expanding nature, political stability is needed. The economic condition of Australia is productive and that will be impacted by the business enhancement in Australia. The GDP of Australia is $1.350 trillion and the figure has gained a 0.6% enhancement in business (Golev Corder, 2016). In case of manufacturing 6.0% GDP has gained. 1.7% annual inflation has noticed in case of economic stability. The process is helpful for the new companies to grow their business in an ethical manner. Most of the Australian people are co-operative and have a nature of work. The education of those Australian people is enormous and they have invested their mind to get the better business opportunity for them (Manalo, Perera Rees, 2015). In case of labour engagement, 78%of employees are doing service and it determines their capability and work as a group culture. The country is progressive in case of social accumulation and their productive culture is important for the development of social context also. Technological improvement is needed in any organization to implement new approaches in the organization. In case of these organization, extracted machines, easy production deals, fire controlling or the use of raw material all are the production issues, that can be changed in case of technological development (Luke, 2018). The large quantity of silicon form the raw material is the main aspect of this business. Environment management system and following nature of ISO is also important to mark the organization are under ISO9001:2008. The strength of Simcoa is the highest production of silicon and acquiring the largest maintenance of stakeholders. In that case, stakeholders are other nations also, so a diverse range of their business acceleration is the most important factor and biggest strength for the organization (Hill, Jones Schilling, 2014). The company also recycles their own products and makes them into their core ingredients of silicon making and this is considered as strength. The set of environment rules are followed by the company and has ISO certificate, so the ethical issues are maintained by the company (Kitchingman et al., 2016) Shareholder negation and in some cases government intervention on this matter is the concern matter for the organization. Environmental influence and negative perspective deliver as the setback for the business (Chen et al., 2017). Employees' safety is other weaknesses and many employees have to work in hazardous condition and that needs to be stopped. As the largest silicon manufacturing company, business expansion is the most challenging situation of the organization. The parental business is in Australia and if they need to produce their business in other countries, the business-related context needs to be understood (D'Netto et al., 2014). Simcoa can deliver B2B or B2C business way and also delivers a good set of employees in case extension cases. New entrants in market and risk environment change rarely the two threats the can come in Simcoe Pty Ltd and that only provide a threat to the quality and values of the business (Fayezi, Zutshi O'Loughlin, 2015). The threat of environmental activists and production rate decreases due to that factor is the only reason to be feared by the organization. Risk of the organization Global crisis situation and less use of silicon in some devices are the risks for the organization. In some cases, high market demand is persisted. International acclamation is important but the changing environment along with the matter is also a concerning factor for that (Golev Corder, 2016). The high domestic obligation is another menace for the organisation as it moved 180% of non-refundable revenue. There are some chronic gases also emitted in case of production of silicon. Silicon-di-oxide affects the respiratory system of human irritation in the skin can happen. Employees, who are direct contact with the silicon, need to be careful that not to face such issues (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe Jackson, 2017). Financial risk is also as production cost is not meet in every time and leverage and debt is the concern factor for this. Total Quality Management is this performance indicator range that is needed form the company. Quality performance by the organization is the most concerning attitude that judge the best outcome for the company and prepares them for the international accession. Employees need to be motivated and the teamwork needs to be done (Ferguson Souza, 2016). Special care or a diverse range of people and community cases has taken. Productivity and quality in service is the most concerning mater in this situation. The human resource department recruits best suitable people for the company. These employees played an important part in the development of the organization. Finance department takes care of balance statement, cash flow and making the budget for the entire year. Marketing and sales department channelize the sell and also make the promotion of the company in the different section of the world (Wheelen et al., 2017). Operation department takes responsibility for all the operation takes place in case of supplying products, raw material, production, manufacturing process and the entire work culture that spotted in the workplace is under them. Conclusion The company works in Australia as the regionalization helps the company to work over here; though, it exports the products in different nations as well. The organisation can take the approach of Total Quality Management to confirm the eminence of the products. The external and internal environment of the organization is also stated here and better way of team bonding, employees' motivation needs to be there to maintain their business rate in an international arena. Reference List Business of Silicon. (2018). Simcoa.com.au. Retrieved 4 April 2018, from https://www.simcoa.com.au/environment-2.html Chen, H., Cui, R., He, Z., Milbradt, K. (2017). Quantifying liquidity and default risks of corporate bonds over the business cycle.The Review of Financial Studies,31(3), 852-897. Courvisanos, J., Jain, A., K. Mardaneh, K. (2016). Economic resilience of regions under crises: A study of the Australian economy.Regional Studies,50(4), 629-643. D'Netto, B., Shen, J., Chelliah, J., Monga, M. (2014). Human resource diversity management practices in the Australian manufacturing sector.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(9), 1243-1266. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., Jackson, P. R. (2017).Management and business research. Sage. Fayezi, S., Zutshi, A., O'Loughlin, A. (2015). How Australian manufacturing firms perceive and understand the concepts of agility and flexibility in the supply chain.International Journal of Operations Production Management,35(2), 246-281. Ferguson, M. E., Souza, G. C. (Eds.). (2016).Closed-loop supply chains: new developments to improve the sustainability of business practices. CRC Press. Golev, A., Corder, G. (2016). Modelling metal flows in the Australian economy.Journal of Cleaner Production,112, 4296-4303. Hill, C. W., Jones, G. R., Schilling, M. A. (2014).Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. Kitchingman, T., Wilson, C. J., Woodward, A., Caputi, P., Wilson, I. (2016). Preventing suicide requires more attention on technology-based crisis support services.Australian New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry,50(2), 181-181. Luke, A. (2018). Critical literacy in Australia: A matter of context and standpoint. InCritical Literacy, Schooling, and Social Justice(pp. 186-206). Routledge. Manalo, J., Perera, D., Rees, D. M. (2015). Exchange rate movements and the Australian economy.Economic Modelling,47, 53-62. McKenzie, D., Woodruff, C. (2016). Business practices in small firms in developing countries.Management Science,63(9), 2967-2981. Steinbach, A. L., Holcomb, T. R., Holmes, R. M., Devers, C. E., Cannella, A. A. (2017). Top management team incentive heterogeneity, strategic investment behavior, and performance: A contingency theory of incentive alignment.Strategic Management Journal,38(8), 1701-1720. Wheelen, T. L., Hunger, J. D., Hoffman, A. N., Bamford, C. E. (2017).Strategic management and business policy. pearson.

White Dove of Cordoba Review Essay Example

White Dove of Cordoba Review Paper Essay on White Dove of Cordoba Speaking about the novel and its hero the artist Zohar Cordovà ­n, forged paintings of great masters, so that they themselves could not distinguish the copy from the original you can safely quote books on literary theory and literary encyclopedia, adventure novel section: so typical of the novel. at the heart of this novel is a hero, experiencing all kinds of adventures, the readers were amused by their clever antics of experiencing occasional and external adventures (amorous intrigues, meeting with the robbers (in the modern version, of course -. Litkriti the k), a successful career, a clever money scam, and so on. p.) here and interest in the individual personality and its destiny and savoring everyday details (Literary Encyclopedia, and so on and so on. Life protagonist ruled the case, coincidence to say the manner of Zahara Cordovà ­n in the words of Sema uncle a coincidence in the coincidence and the coincidence of chases sometimes naively, with the author each time allows the reader to make the discovery before the hero We will write a custom essay sample on White Dove of Cordoba Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on White Dove of Cordoba Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on White Dove of Cordoba Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer still, it would be desirable to detect. something unique and valuable to the wide geography adventures cloying blagoro -stand pirate and the favorite of women, speaking in all languages, with the hackneyed theme of secret Vatican treasures for casual affected, but not open the theme of the divine essence of the artist-creator and the messianic role of the artist to abandon his I and regenerating a deceased masters. There is in the novel box Vinnytsia characters, a big role in the story is not playing, but make up the inner world Cordovà ­n artist. he creates himself out of the world of particles; not traits define its personality they are just typical and medium tableaux of his childhood. All these local crazy with markesovskim, naive and magical perception of life the old man, blue sky with unbearable heavenly blue flowing from his eyes, Victor-dove, in the courtyard of his house, like the dovecote, built a dovecote, like a house or a radiant in fragile and shimmering iridescent glass Glaser-glazier this is what is valuable in the novel. However, this is not enough. Entertain novel, not napryazhot mind, give a bit of energy but no more than that The only thing in the novel actually its a small digression about human incompetence, repeated throughout the history of the same error, in which the author evinces its multiple anti-Islamic sentiment: about three religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam, respectively) The Spirit of one of them hovered noiselessly over the Juderà ­a, the night mourning for a long time disappeared the shadows The spirit of the second, originally born of love, numb and clothed to pump znye robe, to groom himself so that there is no place to wait even a drop of semen that same primal love. Spirit third perverted and furiously spewing threat and sending messengers of death in all the coasts of the world Here the author predicts Europe, had already let to the land of the Moors, but has forgotten his past mistakes, the new holocaust : Goodbye, Europe! Arrivederci Roma! Allahakbar, Munich not far off the final solution of the European problem - by analogy with the Nazi final solution of the Jewish question  ».

Essay about Performance Based Task

Essay about Performance Based Task Essay about Performance Based Task Stefanie Hunter 1/22/15 Open ended Responses 21. What the rattlesnake represents in the flag is the American colonist. In the picture, it says â€Å"Don’t Tread on me†. This shows that the American colonist refuses to let Great Britain walk all over them and would be prepared to put up a fight. The flag suggest that the rattlesnake refuses to let anyone bother or trample them by being in a defensive stance. The defensive stance the rattlesnake is in is sticking it's tongue out being prepared for the unexpected. In conclusion, the rattlesnake represents the colonist trying to gain their independence from the British. What I think the flag is trying to say is a warning to Great Britain. Based on my observations on the flag, it's trying to suggest that if Great Britain try to do something to them, don't expect them not to put up a fight. This shows that the American Colonist refuses to be Great Britain's doormat. The flag also demonstrates liberty by trying to gain their independence from Great Britain. In summation, the flag is trying to give a message to Great Britain. 22. According to Washington, the Constitution defend against tyranny by providing more checks and barriers. The text states â€Å" [ This] Constitution†¦.. is provided with more checks and barriers against the introduction of tyranny†¦ than any government [ever] instituted among morals [has] possessed. This quote demonstrates that Washington believed that including checks and balances , and barriers in the Constitution would prevent tyranny since everyone would have the same amount of power in the government. In conclusion, the Constitution defend against

The Art of Skill Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Art of Skill - Essay Example The camera claimed supreme ability to recreate reality, and accordingly art took different direction. Taking cues from Duchamp and Warhol, the artist Jeffrey Koons developed a style of art that was completely unreliant upon personal skill and instead relied upon reproduction and appropriation. Several reasons for the devaluing of skill in art include the rise of such artists as Koons who intentionally create art that is made without skill. Beech also states that contemporary art itself is involved in taking skills way from artists. While Beech does not view Koons in such a way of devaluing skills, I wish to argue to the contrary in part of my overall argument. Beyond Beech’s argument, I would also like to state that it is part the mass production of various artists in universities that is devaluing skill to an extent. In discussing an exhibit by Jeffrey Koons, the reviewer Lynne Cooke notes that Koons sculptures were â€Å"executed by highly skilled craftsmen in small factories in Italy working, under the supervision of the artist, to two dimensional images which Koons provided as models† (246). Notice that the reviewer states that the craftsmen were â€Å"highly skilled.† This is interesting to note, especially when considering that an artist can achieve fame without being able to create the artwork himself. The people who actually put the physical labor into creating the pieces were simply called craftsmen. In considering this, we can see how actual skill in art is held at no value. The people with the skill who were involved with the project were not artists. They simply handled the technical aspects of the creation of the pieces. Ideologically speaking, it is not necessary in any way for the artist to be skilled in any way in order to be successful. Perhaps it is because Koons i s unskilled that he is has the success to the extent that he does. Koons is by far one of the most

Reasons to Drill Off Shore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Reasons to Drill Off Shore - Essay Example In other words, global economy is inversely proportional to oil prices. When oil price increases, global economy declines and when the oil price decreases global economy achieves growth. American economy also follows the same path as the global economy does. A world without oil fuel is unimaginable at present. Even though we have many other energy sources, none of them are capable of replacing oil. Even though nobody has any doubt about the utility or essentiality of oil in sustaining human life in its present form, some people argues against offshore drilling citing environmental reasons. At the time of crude oil purification and also at the time of operating vehicles, oil liberates so many greenhouse gases like oxides of carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, methane etc. Daniel et al (2006) have mentioned that â€Å"between 1976 and 1990, oil companies in Nigeria witnessed a total of 2,796 oil spills. An estimated total quantity of 2,105,393 barrels of oil was spilled on land, coastal and off shore marine environments† (Daniel et al, 2006, p.111). Amidst all such criticisms labeled against offshore drilling, it is a fact that the no other energy sources are capable of substituting oil. In other words, offshore drilling should be continued in its present form until we would be able to find out alternate energy sources to replace oil. â€Å"The United States consumes nearly one-fourth of the world's oil. The big discoveries are happening offshore, says Robert Bryce, managing editor of Energy Tribune† (Jervis et al, 2008). The above statistics and opinion clearly point towards the necessities of offshore drilling. It is difficult for United States to replace oil with another energy source at present because of the huge dependence of America on oil fuels. America is producing only 10% of its total oil needs, which means around 90% of oil required for its domestic usage, is being imported from overseas countries. It is difficult for America like big country to re ly heavily on other countries for energy needs. â€Å"Unfortunately, because of dumb luck, most of the world’s petroleum is controlled by nations that are unfriendly to the United States. Russia, Saudi Arabia and Iran were three of the top five producers of petroleum in 2007† (Column: Offshore Drilling Not Hoax, But Necessity To United States, 2009). Arab countries, Russia and China are the major oil producers in the world and America’s relations with these countries are not so good. Under such circumstances, if these countries decide to stop oil supply to America, energy crisis may intensify in America. Under such circumstances, it is necessary for America to increase offshore drilling to find out more oil sources. As Robert Bryce says, the possibility of big discoveries cannot be ruled out in offshore drilling. It should be noted that the entire faces of gulf countries have been changed immensely as result of the discovery of oil sources in those countries. Th e living standards of the people in gulf countries improved a lot as a result of the oil discovery. Such dramatic things can happen in America also and therefore oil drilling or offshore drilling should be continued even though criticisms are there. The following statistics from Louisiana reveals the importance of offshore drilling further. Louisiana has had offshore drilling since 1947. About 172 active rigs dot the Gulf of Mexico waters off the coast, producing about 79% of the oil and 72% of the natural gas that comes from drilling off the nation's

Sex Ed Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Sex Ed Research Paper Essay In today’s society one has to try to determine whether we as adults are adequately preparing our young adults and teenagers for the responsibilities of adult hood, specifically when it come to relationships, sexual education available to them, and sexual intercourse. We are going to look at a few topics that need to be answered to see whether we are truly preparing our next generation appropriately to become parents and well informed young adults. The questions we seek to answer are: Are people who have their first child at a younger age more likely to favor sex education in public schools than people who have children at a later age; Are people of a younger age more likely to support the use of birth control use of teenagers than people of a later age; and Are people more likely to favor premarital sex amongst young adults over premarital sex amongst teenagers? Trying to understand how modern society relates to the subject of sex education can help guide and mold our next generation of young parents and adults. This is important to help young adults evolve from the common idiom of allowing history to repeat ones mistakes. If one does not take steps to inform them, then we are condemning them to repeat our past mistakes, by educating them and molding them to be prepared for young adulthood we can help prevent unwanted pregnancies, stop the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and hopefully give them a better start to their adult lives. Why do we, as a modern society, want to provide sex education to our children? Well the simple truth is many of us older adults are not educated enough about sex to teach them what sexually transmitted diseases there are out there, many adults tend to be afraid to let their children know what we did at their age, and some of us really are not prepared to explain how, for my case, how an opposite sex partners body works. We need educated people to inform our children about many of these things. Birth control in my day was way different than it is today, that is why we rely heavily on doctors to prescribe what is right for a young adult female. Now as a father of a now 20 year boy, I could and did have a pretty in-depth talk with my son about condom use and some of the things that I know but it was not near as much as what a teacher in a school has for information for them to learn. This is going to date me, but back when I was growing up our sex education class was part of home economics. We had a flour bag baby with an egg in the center of flour bag. We had to carry that 5lb bag with us everywhere we went for six weeks, change its clothes daily and manage to get a diaper on it. If the flour baby was not being tended to at all times we would fail the parenting portion of the sex education class. Now this was very difficult as a male and an active member of the high school football team. Not all males were required to take this course in high school back then, but I chose to because this is where I could learn to be a better person than what I had as an example as a father. Plus it was useful information learning how to do things like cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, sewing, and oh yea, best part was that there were lots of girls in the class that admired the few guys that chose to take the class. Back in our time, sex education was more teaching of abstinenc e only, but we had a teacher that also wanted you to know what to do in case you did have intercourse and you and your partner conceived a child. As I grew older I came to appreciate this teacher that taught the whole spectrum of the sex education verses only abstinence. Now that I have a teenage daughter, I also want her to know everything that she can about sex education to prepare herself for her future adult life. Since being a single father, sometimes there are things that she is embarrassed to ask me so I have to rely on female friends and the public schooling system to answer some of those questions. As one may see this topic is important to me because I have young adult children and I want them to be prepared and well informed prior to experiencing sexual intercourse for the first time. I am sorry but I am not ready to become a grandpa until they finish college themselves. With my daughter, I worry she will be heavily influenced into doing things she knows she should wait on, especially when I send her off to college. I just want her prepared for that stage in her life. Literature Review While trying to decide how to write this paper I ran across some very interesting articles that I would like to share with you, the reader. The first one was titled â€Å"Consequences of Sex Education on Teen and Young Adult Sexual Behaviors and Outcomes† by Laura Duberstein Lindberg and Isaac Maddow-Zimet which discussed the effectiveness of formal sex education, regardless of the type, on teens and young adults and the sexual health behaviors and the outcomes that where found as a result. The survey was conducted with both male and females between the ages of 15 and 24. Utilizing the 2006-2008 National Survey of Family Growth with a data pool of a total of 4,691 surveyed. The study was trying to answer whether formal sex education has an effect on when the first vaginal intercourse occurs if received before their first sexual encounter and if the encounter was more controlled by use of birth control. The dependant variables that were surveyed to allow for this research topic to be answered which were the timing of the first vaginal intercourse, contraceptive use at first sex, and condom use at first sex, partnership selection as to whether it was a romantic partner or a casual partner, an age discrepant on the partner of 3 years variance, or unwanted first sex, measured lifetime and current sexual reproductive health indicators at the time of interview including having 6 or more sexual partners, ever been or gotten someone pregnant, sexual transmitted infections treatment in the past 12 months, and use of contraceptives at the last sex encounter. The others were age at time of interview, race/ethnicity, poverty level, mothers education, living arrangements at age of 14, community type, and frequency of attendance of religious services at age 14.(1) Utilizing all these variables, the author was able to see that formal sex education does in fact assist some in the prolonging of the first sexual experience than that of the individual who did not have any formal training and shows that the use of contraceptives and condoms are more likely to be utilized by those who have had some sort of formal sex education training verses those who have not. The survey additionally shows a higher rate of lower income Black and Hispanic people not having the formal sex education training with a higher than normal number occurrences of Sexual transmitted infections and teenage pregnancies. The next article I reviewed was â€Å"What if You Already Know Everything About Sex?† Content Analysis of Questions From Early Adolescents in a Middle School Sex Education Program by Linda Charmaraman, Alice J. Lee, and Sumru Ekrut. The assessment conducted was to see just how much sixth graders really knew about sex already. Based on data collected in the greater Boston area in eight schools utilizing the Get Real: Comprehensive Sex Education that Works Curriculum, with the approval of an institutional review board, parental consent, and assent all six graders from the eight schools participated in anonymous questions about the curriculum. The questions that they were trying to answer were what sex-related topics do early adolescents ask about anonymously, which issues related to sex are of most concern to early adolescents, and how does the school context affect the types of questions raised. This was conducted to allow health care providers information on the conversations that may need to be addressed with early adolescents. The result varied to show that curiosity still had a lot of play from everything to pre-awareness and avoidance to more advanced questions into specific and explicit in nature. Students in larger higher risk schools were more likely to ask more specific questions verses the students in the smaller less risked schools. In classrooms were it was a single sex environment allowed for more specific questions as well. Since this research type was not pre based questions, the crew had one researcher enter in the precedence of the coding, and two others crossed checked the coding and all three debated until all were happy with the appropriate coding for each groups of questions that the students asked. Over all I would say that the research shows that even at the young age of sixth graders, more needs to be done to teach adolescent youths the birds and the bees at an age appropriate level more often than it is currently happening in society. One approach that may need more research may be to host single-sex sex education classes as to allow more students to ask more explicit questions. Another topic that may need to be addressed in more detail would be sex education to all students especially in the urban, lower income neighborhoods that tend to have a higher risk of early pregnancies and sexual transited infections. The third article I reviewed was â€Å"An exploratory study of Muslim adolescents views on sexuality: Implications for sex education and prevention† by Chris Smerecnik, Herman Schaalma, Kok Gerjo, Suzanne Meijer, and Jos Poelman. This article was created utilizing an exploratory qualitative study in the Netherlands to access current views on Muslim adolescents about sexuality. The research was mainly conducted to see how to approach Muslim adolescents about sex education with the questions to be addressed being the current views of Muslim adolescents on sexuality, who to and to what extent do Muslim views differ from the views of non-Muslim adolescents, and to hope to learn whether existing approaches to sex education among Muslim adolescents are likely to be successful or a new approach could be identified to assist in the education of the Muslim adolescents. (3) This research was conducted solely on the internet in a forum set up on the STI-AIDS Netherlands (Expertise Center for HIV/AIDS and other STIs). In this particular forum â€Å"Islam Sexuality† offered general information on sexuality, STI’s, and prevention. Targeted age for the forum was to be Muslim teens and young adults between the age of 14 and 24. The research was gathered for the analysis from June 2004 to September of 2005. To be Muslim sensitive and prevent any disparities on judgments, an Imam, was utilized for the discussion as well as two other trained monitors. All discussions were anonymous with the exception of whether the person was a male or a female, and Muslim or non-Muslim. Everyone else was weeded out of the survey resulting in only 44 Muslim and 33 non-Muslim participants being surveyed. Topics of analysis were sex outside of marriage, Inter-religious relationships, masturbation, homosexuality, and abortion. On the subject of sex outside of marriage it was interesting to note that although Muslim’s believe sex outside of marriage is a taboo, there is a double standard at play were many males do have sex outside of marriage but say it is definitely wrong for females to do so. Non-Muslims did not have any issues with sex outside of marriage. Inter-religious relationships are a true problem for Muslims because they are taught that parent’s approval is absolute in order to marry and Muslim tradition is to not marry outside of the religious circle. Non-Muslims did not have a problem with marrying someone of other religions since they seek love in a partner not religion. Masturbation in Muslim communities is forbidden and treated the same as sex before marriage therefore not allowed or condoned. Non-Muslims argued that this is a way to relieve sexual tension and is okay to do. Homosexuality was not given unto a person as they were born and therefore is not condoned in the Muslim faith. Non-Muslims seemed to express it is a trait you are born with and free to explore. Abortion was not only a problem with a Muslim person; it becomes an issue for the entire Muslim family, whereas non-Muslims portrayed it as a problem only amongst the female and the male who conceived the child. As one may expect, the results of the analysis shows there is a long ways to go to getting Muslim youth more sexually educated since they teach absentness is essential to Islamic law and traditions forbid the discussion of certain topics. One may try to approach the religious leaders to see how this topic can be discussed in a religious sensitive manner, and allow the religious leaders to talk to the parents for input on how to create an educational class that would be appropriate to not violate the Qur’an or Islamic laws that they follow. The fourth article I reviewed was â€Å"Build a curriculum that includes everyone† by Robert McGarry. This article is about the need to incorporate a gender bias, sexuality preference bias educational curriculum as to include the topics and discussions of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender adolescents to teach all adolescents that no matter what orientation preferences one has they should be accepted and all sexual educational needs should be addressed. Of a research conducted in 2011 by GLSEN’s of 8,000 students from 6th to 12th grade most have not been taught anything positive about gays, lesbians, bisexuals, or transgender people in any curriculum. According to the article eight states have laws prohibiting the teaching of such practices in their schools including Texas. This article also mentions that most current curriculum takes an ignoring approach to the topic as to not bring the subject up. Some have demonized such practices, and even stigmatized the preferences. By incorporating a lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender curriculum starting as early as kindergarten a school could change the way many students feel towards non heterosexual people and other students as they grow together in the school. This article portrays that by doing so we as a society can change our future way of thinking as the country regenerated its society. While I see the validity in the way the author is thinking, I agree with most of the curriculum that they are trying to introduce. The core concepts, access to information, communication, Self-management are all good topics. Teaching of anatomy, physiology, puberty, adolescent development, identity, pregnancy, reproduction, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV, healthy relationships, and personal safety should be incorporated in every schools sex education class. I do have a few issues with the teaching of acceptance of all sexual orientation personally due to my religious upbringing and I also feel it is an invasion of my rights as a parent to teach my morals and values to my children. We as a society have already given in too much on losing our religious preferences with the removal of state and religion. Of course this is a different topic all together with many controversies as well since our country was founded on religious beliefs. In the article it has stated that a program was started after a 3 year controversy in a public school and put in to effect in 2007. I will be looking forward to reviewing the evaluation of the program over a 12 year period to see its effectiveness. The fifth article I reviewed was called† The multiple choices of sex education† by Rashea Hamilton, Megan Sanders, and Eric M. Anderman. The topic of this article has to do with whether or not to give a written test after the study of sex education in the school systems. Should an exam be given or should a role play example be more feasible to allow the adolescents to learn by being shown how to avoid situations and or stand up to the pressures of their peers. The research questions that were to be looked at were simple but very difficult to answer, â€Å"Do adolescents actually implement what they learn in health education classes?† and â€Å"Do the sex education classes actually work?† (5) The biggest question of the whole article is retention of the information if it is taught as a testable technique style or if the retention would be greater if the information was taught as an introduction and show examples of the situations one could encounter and how t o really deal with the situation. In the reading I also found that another question really needs to be addressed as to the uniformity of where and how the information is delivered. It was interesting to read that many inner city adolescents have a higher rate of teen pregnancies and STD infections, especially if they are from low income and single parent homes. When conducting the research information the authors pulled their data from how many states taught what parts of sex education from the Guttmacher Institute, 2012 report. This report shows that even though the federal government provides funding for this education each state, district, and school all teach non-standardized approaches to how to get the information and to some extent what information to give out to the students/ adolescents. To conduct the goal structures and the long term outcome in sex education, they utilized the National Institutes of Health to sample over 5000 students in 32 high schools. They examined the goal structure of performance verses mastery that showed several important outcomes including student’s attitude towards sex, intentions to have sex, and self perceived ability to engage in safe sex behaviors. Results showed that those students mastering the sex education concept were shown or taught in a more example style technique verses the structured exam style. Life chances would be better for all young adolescents if they were more informed and were better able to actually understand the stuff they are being taught. The last article I reviewed while researching this subject was â€Å"Abstinence-Only and Comprehensive Sex Education and the Initiation of Sexual Activity and Teen Pregnancy† by Pamela K. Kohler, Lisa E. Manhart, and William E. Lafferty. This article was a comparison of sexual health risk of adolescents who received abstinence-only sex education, those who received comprehensive sex education, and adolescents who receive no formal sex education. They looked at the age group of 15 to 19 heterosexual never married which resulted in a sample study of 1719 from the Nation Survey of Family Growth survey cycle 6(2002) . Of the results those adolescents who received comprehensive sex education were significantly less likely to have reported a pregnancy than the adolescents who did not have formal sex education. Abstinence only training did not reduce the likely hood of sexual vaginal intercourse but comprehensive sex educated adolescents showed a marginal decrease in the adolescents having vaginal intercourse. The mean age for the study was 17. Neither abstinence only nor comprehensive sex education reduced the reporting of STD’s among this study group. I found it interesting to learn that rates of STD, teenage pregnancy, and teen births are actually higher in the United States than most other industrialized countries. Romania and the Russian Federation were the only two countries that exceeded the United States in STD’s in the 2000 study of STD incidents among 16 countries. Method of research came from the National Center of Health Statistics nationwide survey from Jan 2002 to March 2003. Data was collected by trained personnel from the University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research through in home interviews that included audio computer assisted self interviewing. Items collected were basic demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding the family planning issues, and self reported sexual behavior and any previous diagnoses of STD’s. A total of 1150 girls and 1121 boys responded to the questionnaire and special interview. They were further reduced by sorting out the none heterosexuals, marriage status, age of first intercourse if less than ten years old, or they did not meet the criteria reporting of no formal sex education, formal sex education on how to say no to sex only, or formal sex education that covered saying no to sex and birth control. Results showed that of the sample that STD’s and no sex education were higher in the adolescent was from a low income non-intact family environment, black, and from rural areas. Comprehensive sex education was marginally associated with reduction of vaginal intercourse amongst the adolescents surveyed. Teen pregnancies were higher in older age, black race, lower household income, non central city metropolitan residence, and in non-intact families. The strongest predictor for STD’s was non-intact family unit status with a four times higher rate than others. Another results showed that the adolescents who were taught abstinence only programs found later sexual debut and that the majority of those who pledge abstinence only broke their vow to not have vaginal intercourse until they were married. They found those who had comprehensive sex education had a lower risk of teen pregnancy than those who had no formal training. Methodology When it came to answering questions we seek to find results for we turned to the General Social Survey (GSS) database located at http://www3.norc.org/GSS+Website/Data+Analysis . We first went to the NORC Public Use Data Catalog tab, then clicked on the GSS tab, then General Social Surveys, 1972-2006 Cumulative File, then variable description, followed by the subject index file. This data file was set up by the NORC, A Social Science Research Center at the University of Chicago, with the support of the National Science Foundation with a goal to provide a foundation for social research to have a structured orientation and to provide up to date, important, and high-quality data to social scientists, students, policy makers, and others. To answer the first question, Are people who have their first child at a younger age more likely to favor sex education in public schools than people who have children at a later age, we utilized the information pulled from the E tab, Education, Sex Education, then SEX EDUCATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS and the A tab, Age, At birth of first child, RS AGE WHEN 1ST CHILD BORN. To answer the second question, Are people of a younger age more likely to support the use of birth control use of teenagers than people of a later age, we pulled our information from the B tab, Birth Control, Teenagers use, then BIRTH CONTROL TO TEENAGERS 14-16, and from the A tab, Age, Birth Cohort, AGE OF RESPONDENT. For the third question, Are people more likely to favor premarital sex amongst young adults over premarital sex amongst teenagers, we pulled our information from the S tab, Sex, Premarital Sex, then SEX BEFORE MARRIAGE, and the S tab, Sex, Teen sex, then SEX BEFORE MARRIAGE TEENS 14-16. For the first question I utilized the cross tabulation chart with the dependant variable SEX EDUCATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS and the Independent Variable RS AGE WHEN 1ST CHILD BORN. For the second question I also utilized a cross tabulation chart with the dependent variable BIRTH CONTROL TO TEENAGERS 14-16 and the Independent Variable AGE OF RESPONDENT. The third one however I utilized a side by side comparison of two variables to see the results. Data Analysis In this section you will see the three research questions along with the graphs generated to answer my theories and hypothesis in order to come to my conclusion. Question # 1: Are people who have their first child at a younger age more likely to favor sex education in public schools than people who have children at a later age? Theory: People who have a first child at a younger age will be more likely to support sex education in public school because they may want teenagers to know more than they did when they first had sex and want them to have information to help guide them. Hypothesis: People who had their first child at a younger age will be more likely to support sex education than those who have their first child later in life. Dependant Variable: E: Education: Sex Education: SEX EDUCATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS Independent Variable: A: Age: At birth of first child: RS AGE WHEN 1ST CHILD BORN [pic] This analysis does in fact offer support for the theory that people who have a child at a younger age will be more likely to support sex education in the public school system. As seen in the chart more people tend to favor sex education in public schools up to about age 4. After age 41, less people favor the support of sex education in public school but still at least half of them do still support the sex education in public schooling. Question # 2: Are people of a younger age more likely to support the use of birth control use of teenagers than people of a later age? Theory: Younger people will favor the use of birth control for teenagers more than older adults due to more recent frequency of sexual encounters and lack of maturity of teenagers having riskier sexual encounters. Many young adults just came out of their teenage years and the sexual experiences they recently encountered are still fresh in their minds. Hypothesis: People of a younger age will support the use of birth control for teenagers. Dependent Variable: B: Birth Control: Teenagers use: BIRTH CONTROL TO TEENAGERS 14-16 Independent Variable: A: Age: Birth Cohort: AGE OF RESPONDENT [pic] As seen in the graph above, younger adults do not in fact support the theory for the use of birth control by teenagers therefore our theory would not be a valid theory. We could however observe through this chart that as age progresses older people support the use of birth control by teenagers. An alternate theory that could be presented would be that older people will more likely support the use of birth control by teenagers than younger people. Possible reasoning would be because of life lessons they had to live with and may see if they would have utilized birth control at a young age they may have had different life chances that would have allowed them to pursue alternate life styles and career paths. Question # 3: Are people more likely to favor premarital sex amongst young adults over premarital sex amongst teenagers? Theory: Society is more acceptable to young adults having premarital sex than teenagers having premarital due to their maturity level and modern social beliefs. Hypothesis: People are more likely to support premarital sex among young people than premarital sex among teens. Variable 1: S: Sex: Premarital Sex: SEX BEFORE MARRIAGE Variable 2: S: Sex: Teen sex: SEX BEFORE MARRIAGE TEENS 14-16 Premarital SexTeens Premarital Sex |Values |Categor| | |ies | |Missing cases |33338 | | | | Teen Premarital Sex Summary Statistics |Valid cases |29596 | |Missing cases |21424 | As seen we do have support for the theory that premarital sex among young adults prior to marriage is more accepting than teenagers age 14-16 having premarital sex. In the univariate charts above People tend to agree that premarital sex for young adults is not wrong at all. While 28.2 percent say that is always wrong, 39.9 percent say that it is not wrong at all. Looking at the teenagers age 14-16 having sex however, an overwhelming 70.4 percent still believe teenagers age 14-16 should not have premarital sex while only a small 3.7 percent feel it is not wrong at all. Conclusion When looking at the graphs to answer the question of are people who have their first child at a younger age more likely to favor sex education in public schools than people who have children at a later age, we can conclude that we society in general is in fact in agreement that sex education should be part of our societies public school curriculum. The second question of are people of a younger age more likely to support the use of birth control use of teenagers than people of a later age, is not supported by younger people for some unknown reasons and in fact the opposite is actually true. Older adults support the use of teenagers using birth control. One can theorize this to be that older people are more reflective of their past and do not want teenagers to have the trials and tribunes they grew up dealing with at having to marry at a young age and start families because that is what society used to tell them was standard. Since times are changing and more women are further educate d and working to make ends meet in these economic times, older adults see this as a preventative measure. For the third question as to whether people are more likely to favor premarital sex amongst young adults over premarital sex amongst teenagers, the analysis supports the theory and concludes that yes society is more able to handle a young adult having premarital sex over a teenager having premarital sex. As a father of a seventeen year old daughter, I too conclude this to be the case since I do not want my daughter to take a chance in hindering her passion to one day becomes a nurse or a veterinarian. In my opinion after reviewing all my articles and researching the GSS data base, I am seeing the question of uniformity arises in all of them amongst all teachings. Every single article clearly states in one shape or another that we as a country need to be teaching on a universal informational playing field and this will allow each adolescent the same opportunity to gain the vast and important knowledge they need to be ready for their first vaginal intercourse. Only this will start to reduce the risk of STD’s and teen pregnancies. By asking the government to incorporate more stringent requirement on what has to be taught we can start to make this happen. Since the government only requires abstinence only program be taught to be eligible for title IV monies, many states do not go any further than they have to in order to receive the funding from the government. Another larger issue is the very nature of when, how, and even if sex education is taught at every public school. In the articles, one of the issues that came up over and over was that many inner city and rural area youth have higher rates of teen pregnancies and STD’s. With a more consistent program maybe we can slow this trend down. Of course a little more adult supervision could help as well, but with many low income families being single parent households, this can be very difficult and we as parents have to trust our children to do right when we are not around. When speculating what can be done to slow the progression of STD’s and teenage pregnancies I can only come to one repeated conclusion. Give the young adults and teenagers all the information available to every one of them and possibly incorporate an adult/parent orientation into the curriculum to teach the parents what they may have not known about or have forgotten over the years. Get the parent more involved in the teenagers and young adults lives and quit allowing the teenager to grow up unsupervised. Locate an activity for them to do after school until you are able to be home with them. I read a while back an article that stated most teenage pregnancies happened between four and six pm while the parents are away at work. I really wished I could have found that article to add to the reviews because it was very appropriate for this research paper. As a father I have started looking into what our local school is teaching when I started this course and found out that it too needs many improvements. The teach-for-a-test program does not work. We, our school and parents, need to look into getting more aggressive in the training of our teenagers and young adults so we can slow the progression of teen pregnancies and STD’s. Unfortunately, living even in this small town, we have experienced a high number of teen pregnancies. I would like to see this trend change to allow these young adults and teenagers a life chance for something other than raising a baby at a young age and still living at home with the parents. | | References: 1. Duberstein, Laura, Maddow-Zimet, Isaac, (2012) Consequences of Sex Education on Teen and Young Adult Sexual Behaviors and Outcomes. Elsevier. Journal of Adolescent Health 51 (2012) 332-338 http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.fhsu.edu:2048/science/article/pii/S1054139X11007178 2. Linda Charmaraman, Alice J. Lee, and Sumru Erkut: (2012). â€Å"What if You Already Know Everything About Sex?† Content Analysis of Questions from Early Adolescents in a Middle School Sex Education Program. Elsevier. Journal of Adolescent Health Volume 50 Issue 5 527-530 http://www.sciencedirect.com.ezproxy.fhsu.edu:2048/science/article/pii/S1054139X1100348X 3. Chris Smerecnik, Herman Schaalma, Kok Gerjo, Suzanne Meijer, Jos Poelman. (2010)† An exploratory study of Muslim adolescents views on sexuality: Implications for sex education and prevention†. 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